Understanding the Basics of Asthma

Living with Asthma

Asthma is a very common chronic condition affecting almost 26 million Americans. It’s among the most common chronic childhood illnesses. But not everyone experiences asthma the same way. There are different types of asthma and symptoms. Knowing some asthma basics can help you better manage it and enjoy a full, active lifestyle. What is asthma? A lifelong disease of the lungs, asthma is caused by the breathing tubes in the lungs becoming inflamed and constricted.

Common symptoms are:

Breathlessness
Coughing, especially at night or during physical activity
Tight feeling in the chest
Wheezing

There are four types of asthma. Knowing which type you have can help your doctor prescribe the right treatment.

People who have trouble breathing when there is a lot of pollen or dust in the air, or when around pets, may have allergic asthma.
Physical activity can cause exercise-induced asthma.
- Some professional athletes have this type of asthma
Work environments where there are chemicals, dust or other irritants may cause occupational asthma.
Extreme weather changes, stress, illness, medications or other environmental factors can cause non-allergic asthma.

Treating asthma. If you think you have asthma or have had symptoms, you should see your doctor. They may refer you to an allergist for diagnosis and treatment. This should include an asthma action plan to manage your symptoms. You may also be prescribed quick-relief medicines or long-term control medication to manage or prevent asthma attacks.

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Sources: acaai.org. What is asthma? Accessed April 11, 2022. Asthma surveillance—United States, 2006–2018. September 17, 2021. acaai.org. Types of asthma. Accessed April 11, 2022.

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